Estimated owner count equals the reviewed percentage multiplied by the exact retained total-resident population observation retained for that estimate year, rounded to a whole person. It compounds survey and denominator uncertainty and is not an observed headcount.

Generic cryptocurrency ownership cannot stand in for Bitcoin. Tier B is allowed only when crypto ownership and Bitcoin share use the same sample, population scope, and fieldwork period. Tier C combines sources, remains hidden by default, and must not be compared as if directly measured.

Read the complete ownership methodology and report a data issue.